Various Sources Of Water For Supply

Water Supply Engineering is the studies of water which include the various sources of water, its distribution system, Population forecasting etc.

Generally, there are two sources of water:

1 Surface Water Source

2 Subsurface Water Source

Surface sources are those sources of water in which the water flow over the surface of the earth, and are thus directly available for water supplies.Surface water includes water which we directly get from the upper surface of Earth like the water from the river; lakes etc are all comes under the surface water. Surface water mainly depends on the Rainfall .Surface water needs to be treated before consumption because it may contain the contaminated substance like bacteria, algae etc. which may affect the human beings when they take it like skin problem or it will affect their digestive system or any creatures; however, running water is not as much contaminated as the water which is stored.

Important surface sources of water are:-

·Natural ponds and lakes: The water available in the pond are generally fill with the rain water or any other method which can be used for Human uses for drinking as well as farming purpose.

·Streams and rivers: This is most widely use surface source of water which can be used for complete daily water need as well as farming or dismantling the industrial waste.

·Impounding reservoirs: Impounding reservoirs are the man made water source for the storage of water for daily used, it mostly constructed near dam.

Subsurface Water: Subsurface water includes all water located in the pore spaces of soil and rocks.Not all subsurface water is groundwater.

Subsurface water or Groundwater is the water which is available below the earth surface. It the pure form of water it didn't contain any contaminated substances like bacteria, germs etc. Subsurface water includes Infiltration galleries, Infiltration well and wells.