Anelectionis a formalgroup decision-makingprocess by which a population chooses an individual to holdpublic office.Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modernrepresentative democracyhas operated since the 17th century.Elections may fill offices in thelegislature, sometimes in theexecutiveandjudiciary, and forregional and local government. This process is also used in many other private andbusiness organizations , from clubs tovoluntary associationsandcorporations.
The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democraticarchetype, ancientAthens, where the Elections were not used were considered anoligarchicinstitution and most political offices were filled usingsortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot.
Electoral reformdescribes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place, or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems.Psephologyis the study of results and otherstatisticsrelating to elections Toelectmeans "to choose or make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such asreferendumsare referred to as elections, especially in the United States.
Tamil Nadu has 234 assembly constituencies. TheChief Ministerof the state is elected by legislators of the political party orcoalitioncommanding an assembly majority, and serves a five-year term with a provision of re-election. TheGovernoris thehead of state, but his or her role is largely ceremonial.
TheLok Sabhais thedirectly electedlower houseof theParliament of India. As of 2014 there have been sixteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. Tamil Nadu has 39 Lok Sabha constituencies.
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