Isro

TheIndian Space Research Organisation is thespace agencyof theGovernment of Indiaheadquarted at Bangalore. It has vision to "harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration."Indian National Committee for Space Research was established under the DAE in 1962 by the efforts of scientistVikram Ambalal Sarabhairecognizing the need in space research. INCOSPAR grew into ISRO in 1969 also under the DAE. In 1972 Government of India setup a Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS) , bringing ISRO under the DOS.Due to the establishment of ISRO initialized the space research work in India. It is managed by theDepartment of Space, which reports to thePrime Minister of India. ISRO built India's firstsatellite,Aryabhata, which waslaunched by the Soviet Unionon 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematicianAryabhata. In 1980,Rohinibecame the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle,SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) for launching satellites intopolar orbitsand theGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle(GSLV) for placing satellites intogeostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerouscommunications satellitesandearth observation satellites.

Satellite navigation systems likeGAGANandIRNSShave been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an cryogenic enginein a GSLV-D5 during the launch of the GSAT-14. It was named after the great mathematicianAryabhata. In 1980,Rohinibecame the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle namedSLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) for launching satellites intopolar orbitsand theGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle(GSLV) for placing satellites intogeostationary orbits. These rockets have launched manycommunication based satellitesandearth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems likeGAGANandIRNSShave been placed in the orbits. In January 2014, ISRO used anindigenous cryogenic enginein a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14. On 18June 2016, ISRO set a record with a launch of twentysatellites in a single payload, one being a satellite from Google. On 15February 2017, ISRO launched one hundred and four satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37) and created a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-Mk III), on 5June 2017 and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit. This launch made ISRO capable of launching 4-tonheavy satellites intoGTO. Future plans included development ofUnified Launch Vehicle,Small Satellite Launch Vehicle, development of areusable launch vehicle,human spaceflight,controlled soft lunar landing, interplanetary probes, anda solar spacecraft mission.